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Bonsor, N.R.P., South Atlantic Seaway, Jersey, Channel Islands, 1983.

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Bushell, T.A., Royal Mail: A Centenary History of the Royal Mail Line 1839-1939, London, 1939.

Butler, John A., Sailing on Friday: The Perilous Voyage of America’s Merchant Marine, Virginia, 1997.

Clarkson, John, Bill Harvey, Roy Fenton, Ships in Focus: Blue Funnel Line, Preston, England, 1998.

Conway’s History of the Ship: The Advent of Steam: The Merchant Steamship before 1900. Robert Gardiner, Editor with Dr. Basil Greenhill, Consultant Editor, London, 1993.

Dollar, Robert, Memoirs of Robert Dollar, Published for the Author, Robert Dollar Company, San Francisco, 1918.

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Flayhart II, William Henry. The American Line 1871-1902, New York, 2000.

Goldberg, Mark H. Caviar & Cargo: The C3 Passenger Ships, New York 1992.

Goldberg, Mark H., The Shipping Board’s “Agency Ships“: Part I-The “Sub Boats”, New York 1994.

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Goldberg, Mark H., “Going Bananas”: 100 years of American Fruit Ships in the Caribbean, New York, 1993.

Haws, Duncan, Merchant Fleets In Profile, various volumes, Cambridge, 1982.

Hocking, Charles, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam., 1969

Jenkins, J. Geraint, Evan Thomas Radcliffe, a Cardiff Shipowning Company, Cardiff, 1982.

Kludas, Arnold, Great Passenger Ships of the World, various volumes, Wellingborough, 1972-1976.

Matthews, Frederick C., American Merchant Ships 1850-1900, Salem, Massachusetts, Marine Research Society, 1930.

Merchant Steam Vessels of the United States 1807-1868, Complied by William M. Lytle, Publication No. 6, The Steamship Historical Society of America, Mystic, 1952.

Maxtone-Graham, John, The Only Way to Cross, New York 1972.

Melville, John H., The Great White Fleet, New York, 1976.

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United States Government publications:

Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1900, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1900.

Department of Commerce: Bureau of Navigation, List of Merchant Vessels of the United States for the Year Ended June 30, 1906, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1906.

Department of Commerce: Bureau of Navigation, List of Merchant Vessels of the United States for the Year Ended June 30, 1919, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1920.

Department of Commerce: Bureau of Navigation, List of Merchant Vessels of the United States for the Year Ended June 30, 1920, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1920

Department of Commerce: Bureau of Navigation, List of Merchant Vessels of the United States for the Year Ended June 30, 1935, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1935.

Proposed Sale of Certain Ships by the United States Shipping Board, Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, Sixty-Ninth Congress, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1927.

Treasury Department, Bureau of Navigation, List of Merchant Vessels of the United States for the Year Ended June 30, 1891, 1892, 1894, and 1901, Government Printing Office, 1891, 1892, 1894, 1901.